Supporting a child with difficulties following sexual abuse

Supporting a child with difficulties following sexual abuse

After sexual abuse has come to light and children have been protected, they may still experience difficulties and struggles as they process and come to terms with what they went through. Dr Elly Hanson, Clinical Psychologist and adviser to CEOP Education, gives some tips on what to look out for and how best to support your child if they are struggling, as well as advice on looking after yourself.

Parents text content

This article follows on from ‘finding out your child has been sexually abused’ which is important to read first as it includes information on foundational support for your child.

Following sexual abuse, signs that your child may be struggling with what happened include:

  • problems sleeping and nightmares

  •  aggressive or highly irritable behaviour

  • play involving unusual or hostile themes withdrawal from other people

  • low mood (often together with changes in how much they eat, sleep or socialise)

  • spacing out, concentration difficulties or numbness

  • signs of self-harm

  •  low self-esteem

  •  problems with school work

  • otherwise unexplained physical symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, stomach pains

  •  placing themselves in risky situations

This list doesn’t cover everything. People express distress differently and children express things differently at different ages. These are just some of the more common difficulties.

Difficulties related to abuse can appear at a later point because of certain triggers or realisations.

These things could also mean that your child is struggling to cope with something else, such as stress related to school, friendships or family.

How to respond

If you notice any of these things, it is important to supportively talk to your child – asking how they are, what might be going on behind the behaviour or difficulty, and what support they might like. Help your child know that difficulties are normal following abuse and that they can be resolved, especially with support from others. Regularly check-in with them and encourage them to talk to you about how they’re thinking and feeling.

In terms of further support, one option is your child or you talking to your GP, who might then refer your child on to a mental health or therapy service. You could also find out whether there is specialist abuse-related support in your area by contacting The Survivors Trust.

In parallel, continue with your warm, loving approach towards your child, expressing to them the key messages discussed here. It’s important to be spending regular quality time together (meals, games, going out etc) and for life to include fun activities, play, and friendships. For most children, keeping everyday routines is also helpful.

Thinking about you…

It is important for you, as well as for your child and other family members, to make space to ‘process’ how you are feeling about it all, and receive any support you might need. This will help you to support your child effectively. 

Some tips for you

  •  The main message from lots of research is that there are many different useful ways of coping and moving forward from trauma, but that ‘avoidance’ is often unhelpful. Avoiding thoughts, feelings and parts of life linked to a trauma can be helpful at first, but can lead to the trauma feeling emotionally ‘raw’ for longer.

  • Talking to someone is often helpful, and this might either be a person or people you feel close to, or a stranger such as a counsellor.

  • It can be useful to give yourself planned head space. You may find it helpful to have some thinking time while doing something like going for a walk or a drive. Thinking while trying to sleep is less helpful and in this situation it might be good to plan some time to think during the next day.

  • When you feel something difficult (for example, anger, sadness, horror) take time to notice how you feel and express it in a way that helps (for example, talking or writing).

  • Think back to how you have coped in stressful situations before and what things you did then that could be helpful now.